Types (structs, unions and typedefs)¶

nghttp2_session¶

The primary structure to hold the resources needed for a HTTP/2 session. The details of this structure are intentionally hidden from the public API.

nghttp2_info¶

This struct is what nghttp2_version() returns. It holds information about the particular nghttp2 version.

int age¶

Age of this struct. This instance of nghttp2 sets it to NGHTTP2_VERSION_AGE but a future version may bump it and add more struct fields at the bottom

int version_num¶

the NGHTTP2_VERSION_NUM number (since age ==1)

const char *version_str¶

points to the NGHTTP2_VERSION string (since age ==1)

const char *proto_str¶

points to the NGHTTP2_PROTO_VERSION_ID string this instance implements (since age ==1)

nghttp2_vec¶

The object representing single contagious buffer.

uint8_t *base¶

The pointer to the buffer.

size_t len¶

The length of the buffer.

nghttp2_rcbuf¶

The object representing reference counted buffer. The details of this structure are intentionally hidden from the public API.

nghttp2_nv¶

The name/value pair, which mainly used to represent header fields.

uint8_t *name¶

The name byte string. If this struct is presented from library (e.g., nghttp2_on_frame_recv_callback), name is guaranteed to be NULL-terminated. For some callbacks (nghttp2_before_frame_send_callback, nghttp2_on_frame_send_callback, and nghttp2_on_frame_not_send_callback), it may not be NULL-terminated if header field is passed from application with the flag NGHTTP2_NV_FLAG_NO_COPY_NAME). When application is constructing this struct, name is not required to be NULL-terminated.

uint8_t *value¶

The value byte string. If this struct is presented from library (e.g., nghttp2_on_frame_recv_callback), value is guaranteed to be NULL-terminated. For some callbacks (nghttp2_before_frame_send_callback, nghttp2_on_frame_send_callback, and nghttp2_on_frame_not_send_callback), it may not be NULL-terminated if header field is passed from application with the flag NGHTTP2_NV_FLAG_NO_COPY_VALUE). When application is constructing this struct, value is not required to be NULL-terminated.

size_t namelen¶

The length of the name, excluding terminating NULL.

size_t valuelen¶

The length of the value, excluding terminating NULL.

uint8_t flags¶

Bitwise OR of one or more of nghttp2_nv_flag.

nghttp2_frame_hd¶

The frame header.

size_t length¶

The length field of this frame, excluding frame header.

int32_t stream_id¶

The stream identifier (aka, stream ID)

uint8_t type¶

The type of this frame. See nghttp2_frame_type().

uint8_t flags¶

The flags.

uint8_t reserved¶

Reserved bit in frame header. Currently, this is always set to 0 and application should not expect something useful in here.

nghttp2_data_source¶

This union represents the some kind of data source passed to nghttp2_data_source_read_callback.

int fd¶

The integer field, suitable for a file descriptor.

void *ptr¶

The pointer to an arbitrary object.

typedef ssize_t (*nghttp2_data_source_read_callback)(nghttp2_session *session, int32_t stream_id, uint8_t *buf, size_t length, uint32_t *data_flags, nghttp2_data_source *source, void *user_data)¶

Callback function invoked when the library wants to read data from the source. The read data is sent in the stream stream_id. The implementation of this function must read at most length bytes of data from source (or possibly other places) and store them in buf and return number of data stored in buf. If EOF is reached, set NGHTTP2_DATA_FLAG_EOF flag in *data_flags.

Sometime it is desirable to avoid copying data into buf and let application to send data directly. To achieve this, set NGHTTP2_DATA_FLAG_NO_COPY to *data_flags (and possibly other flags, just like when we do copy), and return the number of bytes to send without copying data into buf. The library, seeing NGHTTP2_DATA_FLAG_NO_COPY, will invoke nghttp2_send_data_callback. The application must send complete DATA frame in that callback.

If this callback is set by nghttp2_submit_request(), nghttp2_submit_response() or nghttp2_submit_headers() and nghttp2_submit_data() with flag parameter NGHTTP2_FLAG_END_STREAM set, and NGHTTP2_DATA_FLAG_EOF flag is set to *data_flags, DATA frame will have END_STREAM flag set. Usually, this is expected behaviour and all are fine. One exception is send trailer fields. You cannot send trailer fields after sending frame with END_STREAM set. To avoid this problem, one can set NGHTTP2_DATA_FLAG_NO_END_STREAM along with NGHTTP2_DATA_FLAG_EOF to signal the library not to set END_STREAM in DATA frame. Then application can use nghttp2_submit_trailer() to send trailer fields. nghttp2_submit_trailer() can be called inside this callback.

If the application wants to postpone DATA frames (e.g., asynchronous I/O, or reading data blocks for long time), it is achieved by returning NGHTTP2_ERR_DEFERRED without reading any data in this invocation. The library removes DATA frame from the outgoing queue temporarily. To move back deferred DATA frame to outgoing queue, call nghttp2_session_resume_data(). In case of error, there are 2 choices. Returning NGHTTP2_ERR_TEMPORAL_CALLBACK_FAILURE will close the stream by issuing RST_STREAM with NGHTTP2_INTERNAL_ERROR. If a different error code is desirable, use nghttp2_submit_rst_stream() with a desired error code and then return NGHTTP2_ERR_TEMPORAL_CALLBACK_FAILURE. Returning NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE will signal the entire session failure.

nghttp2_data_provider¶

This struct represents the data source and the way to read a chunk of data from it.

nghttp2_data_source source¶

The data source.

nghttp2_data_source_read_callback read_callback¶

The callback function to read a chunk of data from the source.

nghttp2_data¶

The DATA frame. The received data is delivered via nghttp2_on_data_chunk_recv_callback.

size_t padlen¶

The length of the padding in this frame. This includes PAD_HIGH and PAD_LOW.

nghttp2_priority_spec¶

The structure to specify stream dependency.

int32_t stream_id¶

The stream ID of the stream to depend on. Specifying 0 makes stream not depend any other stream.

int32_t weight¶

The weight of this dependency.

uint8_t exclusive¶

nonzero means exclusive dependency

nghttp2_headers¶

The HEADERS frame. It has the following members:

nghttp2_frame_hd hd¶

The frame header.

size_t padlen¶

The length of the padding in this frame. This includes PAD_HIGH and PAD_LOW.

nghttp2_priority_spec pri_spec¶

The priority specification

nghttp2_nv *nva¶

The name/value pairs.

size_t nvlen¶

The number of name/value pairs in nva.

nghttp2_headers_category cat¶

The category of this HEADERS frame.

nghttp2_priority¶

The PRIORITY frame. It has the following members:

nghttp2_frame_hd hd¶

The frame header.

nghttp2_priority_spec pri_spec¶

The priority specification.

nghttp2_rst_stream¶

The RST_STREAM frame. It has the following members:

nghttp2_frame_hd hd¶

The frame header.

uint32_t error_code¶

The error code. See nghttp2_error_code.

nghttp2_settings_entry¶

The SETTINGS ID/Value pair. It has the following members:

int32_t settings_id¶

The SETTINGS ID. See nghttp2_settings_id.

uint32_t value¶

The value of this entry.

nghttp2_settings¶

The SETTINGS frame. It has the following members:

nghttp2_frame_hd hd¶

The frame header.

size_t niv¶

The number of SETTINGS ID/Value pairs in iv.

nghttp2_settings_entry *iv¶

The pointer to the array of SETTINGS ID/Value pair.

nghttp2_push_promise¶

The PUSH_PROMISE frame. It has the following members:

nghttp2_frame_hd hd¶

The frame header.

size_t padlen¶

The length of the padding in this frame. This includes PAD_HIGH and PAD_LOW.

nghttp2_nv *nva¶

The name/value pairs.

size_t nvlen¶

The number of name/value pairs in nva.

int32_t promised_stream_id¶

The promised stream ID

uint8_t reserved¶

Reserved bit. Currently this is always set to 0 and application should not expect something useful in here.

nghttp2_ping¶

The PING frame. It has the following members:

nghttp2_frame_hd hd¶

The frame header.

uint8_t opaque_data[8]

The opaque data

nghttp2_goaway¶

The GOAWAY frame. It has the following members:

nghttp2_frame_hd hd¶

The frame header.

int32_t last_stream_id¶

The last stream stream ID.

uint32_t error_code¶

The error code. See nghttp2_error_code.

uint8_t *opaque_data¶

The additional debug data

size_t opaque_data_len¶

The length of opaque_data member.

uint8_t reserved¶

Reserved bit. Currently this is always set to 0 and application should not expect something useful in here.

nghttp2_window_update¶

The WINDOW_UPDATE frame. It has the following members:

nghttp2_frame_hd hd¶

The frame header.

int32_t window_size_increment¶

The window size increment.

uint8_t reserved¶

Reserved bit. Currently this is always set to 0 and application should not expect something useful in here.

nghttp2_extension¶

The extension frame. It has following members:

nghttp2_frame_hd hd¶

The frame header.

void *payload¶

The pointer to extension payload. The exact pointer type is determined by hd.type.

Currently, no extension is supported. This is a place holder for the future extensions.

nghttp2_frame¶

This union includes all frames to pass them to various function calls as nghttp2_frame type. The CONTINUATION frame is omitted from here because the library deals with it internally.

nghttp2_frame_hd hd¶

The frame header, which is convenient to inspect frame header.

nghttp2_data data¶

The DATA frame.

nghttp2_headers headers¶

The HEADERS frame.

nghttp2_priority priority¶

The PRIORITY frame.

nghttp2_rst_stream rst_stream¶

The RST_STREAM frame.

nghttp2_settings settings¶

The SETTINGS frame.

nghttp2_push_promise push_promise¶

The PUSH_PROMISE frame.

nghttp2_ping ping¶

The PING frame.

nghttp2_goaway goaway¶

The GOAWAY frame.

nghttp2_window_update window_update¶

The WINDOW_UPDATE frame.

nghttp2_extension ext¶

The extension frame.

typedef ssize_t (*nghttp2_send_callback)(nghttp2_session *session, const uint8_t *data, size_t length, int flags, void *user_data)¶

Callback function invoked when session wants to send data to the remote peer. The implementation of this function must send at most length bytes of data stored in data. The flags is currently not used and always 0. It must return the number of bytes sent if it succeeds. If it cannot send any single byte without blocking, it must return NGHTTP2_ERR_WOULDBLOCK. For other errors, it must return NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE. The user_data pointer is the third argument passed in to the call to nghttp2_session_client_new() or nghttp2_session_server_new().

This callback is required if the application uses nghttp2_session_send() to send data to the remote endpoint. If the application uses solely nghttp2_session_mem_send() instead, this callback function is unnecessary.

To set this callback to nghttp2_session_callbacks, use nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_send_callback().

Note

The length may be very small. If that is the case, and application disables Nagle algorithm (TCP_NODELAY), then just writing data to the network stack leads to very small packet, and it is very inefficient. An application should be responsible to buffer up small chunks of data as necessary to avoid this situation.

typedef int (*nghttp2_send_data_callback)(nghttp2_session *session, nghttp2_frame *frame, const uint8_t *framehd, size_t length, nghttp2_data_source *source, void *user_data)¶

Callback function invoked when NGHTTP2_DATA_FLAG_NO_COPY is used in nghttp2_data_source_read_callback to send complete DATA frame.

The frame is a DATA frame to send. The framehd is the serialized frame header (9 bytes). The length is the length of application data to send (this does not include padding). The source is the same pointer passed to nghttp2_data_source_read_callback.

The application first must send frame header framehd of length 9 bytes. If frame->data.padlen > 0, send 1 byte of value frame->data.padlen - 1. Then send exactly length bytes of application data. Finally, if frame->data.padlen > 1, send frame->data.padlen - 1 bytes of zero as padding.

The application has to send complete DATA frame in this callback. If all data were written successfully, return 0.

If it cannot send any data at all, just return NGHTTP2_ERR_WOULDBLOCK; the library will call this callback with the same parameters later (It is recommended to send complete DATA frame at once in this function to deal with error; if partial frame data has already sent, it is impossible to send another data in that state, and all we can do is tear down connection). When data is fully processed, but application wants to make nghttp2_session_mem_send() or nghttp2_session_send() return immediately without processing next frames, return NGHTTP2_ERR_PAUSE. If application decided to reset this stream, return NGHTTP2_ERR_TEMPORAL_CALLBACK_FAILURE, then the library will send RST_STREAM with INTERNAL_ERROR as error code. The application can also return NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE, which will result in connection closure. Returning any other value is treated as NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE is returned.

typedef ssize_t (*nghttp2_recv_callback)(nghttp2_session *session, uint8_t *buf, size_t length, int flags, void *user_data)¶

Callback function invoked when session wants to receive data from the remote peer. The implementation of this function must read at most length bytes of data and store it in buf. The flags is currently not used and always 0. It must return the number of bytes written in buf if it succeeds. If it cannot read any single byte without blocking, it must return NGHTTP2_ERR_WOULDBLOCK. If it gets EOF before it reads any single byte, it must return NGHTTP2_ERR_EOF. For other errors, it must return NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE. Returning 0 is treated as NGHTTP2_ERR_WOULDBLOCK. The user_data pointer is the third argument passed in to the call to nghttp2_session_client_new() or nghttp2_session_server_new().

This callback is required if the application uses nghttp2_session_recv() to receive data from the remote endpoint. If the application uses solely nghttp2_session_mem_recv() instead, this callback function is unnecessary.

To set this callback to nghttp2_session_callbacks, use nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_recv_callback().

typedef int (*nghttp2_on_frame_recv_callback)(nghttp2_session *session, const nghttp2_frame *frame, void *user_data)¶

Callback function invoked by nghttp2_session_recv() and nghttp2_session_mem_recv() when a frame is received. The user_data pointer is the third argument passed in to the call to nghttp2_session_client_new() or nghttp2_session_server_new().

If frame is HEADERS or PUSH_PROMISE, the nva and nvlen member of their data structure are always NULL and 0 respectively. The header name/value pairs are emitted via nghttp2_on_header_callback.

For HEADERS, PUSH_PROMISE and DATA frames, this callback may be called after stream is closed (see nghttp2_on_stream_close_callback). The application should check that stream is still alive using its own stream management or nghttp2_session_get_stream_user_data().

Only HEADERS and DATA frame can signal the end of incoming data. If frame->hd.flags & NGHTTP2_FLAG_END_STREAM is nonzero, the frame is the last frame from the remote peer in this stream.

This callback won't be called for CONTINUATION frames. HEADERS/PUSH_PROMISE + CONTINUATIONs are treated as single frame.

The implementation of this function must return 0 if it succeeds. If nonzero value is returned, it is treated as fatal error and nghttp2_session_recv() and nghttp2_session_mem_recv() functions immediately return NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE.

To set this callback to nghttp2_session_callbacks, use nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_on_frame_recv_callback().

typedef int (*nghttp2_on_invalid_frame_recv_callback)(nghttp2_session *session, const nghttp2_frame *frame, int lib_error_code, void *user_data)¶

Callback function invoked by nghttp2_session_recv() and nghttp2_session_mem_recv() when an invalid non-DATA frame is received. The error is indicated by the lib_error_code, which is one of the values defined in nghttp2_error. When this callback function is invoked, the library automatically submits either RST_STREAM or GOAWAY frame. The user_data pointer is the third argument passed in to the call to nghttp2_session_client_new() or nghttp2_session_server_new().

If frame is HEADERS or PUSH_PROMISE, the nva and nvlen member of their data structure are always NULL and 0 respectively.

The implementation of this function must return 0 if it succeeds. If nonzero is returned, it is treated as fatal error and nghttp2_session_recv() and nghttp2_session_mem_recv() functions immediately return NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE.

To set this callback to nghttp2_session_callbacks, use nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_on_invalid_frame_recv_callback().

typedef int (*nghttp2_on_data_chunk_recv_callback)(nghttp2_session *session, uint8_t flags, int32_t stream_id, const uint8_t *data, size_t len, void *user_data)¶

Callback function invoked when a chunk of data in DATA frame is received. The stream_id is the stream ID this DATA frame belongs to. The flags is the flags of DATA frame which this data chunk is contained. (flags & NGHTTP2_FLAG_END_STREAM) != 0 does not necessarily mean this chunk of data is the last one in the stream. You should use nghttp2_on_frame_recv_callback to know all data frames are received. The user_data pointer is the third argument passed in to the call to nghttp2_session_client_new() or nghttp2_session_server_new().

If the application uses nghttp2_session_mem_recv(), it can return NGHTTP2_ERR_PAUSE to make nghttp2_session_mem_recv() return without processing further input bytes. The memory by pointed by the data is retained until nghttp2_session_mem_recv() or nghttp2_session_recv() is called. The application must retain the input bytes which was used to produce the data parameter, because it may refer to the memory region included in the input bytes.

The implementation of this function must return 0 if it succeeds. If nonzero is returned, it is treated as fatal error, and nghttp2_session_recv() and nghttp2_session_mem_recv() functions immediately return NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE.

To set this callback to nghttp2_session_callbacks, use nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_on_data_chunk_recv_callback().

typedef int (*nghttp2_before_frame_send_callback)(nghttp2_session *session, const nghttp2_frame *frame, void *user_data)¶

Callback function invoked just before the non-DATA frame frame is sent. The user_data pointer is the third argument passed in to the call to nghttp2_session_client_new() or nghttp2_session_server_new().

The implementation of this function must return 0 if it succeeds. If nonzero is returned, it is treated as fatal error and nghttp2_session_send() and nghttp2_session_mem_send() functions immediately return NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE.

To set this callback to nghttp2_session_callbacks, use nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_before_frame_send_callback().

typedef int (*nghttp2_on_frame_send_callback)(nghttp2_session *session, const nghttp2_frame *frame, void *user_data)¶

Callback function invoked after the frame frame is sent. The user_data pointer is the third argument passed in to the call to nghttp2_session_client_new() or nghttp2_session_server_new().

The implementation of this function must return 0 if it succeeds. If nonzero is returned, it is treated as fatal error and nghttp2_session_send() and nghttp2_session_mem_send() functions immediately return NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE.

To set this callback to nghttp2_session_callbacks, use nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_on_frame_send_callback().

typedef int (*nghttp2_on_frame_not_send_callback)(nghttp2_session *session, const nghttp2_frame *frame, int lib_error_code, void *user_data)¶

Callback function invoked after the non-DATA frame frame is not sent because of the error. The error is indicated by the lib_error_code, which is one of the values defined in nghttp2_error. The user_data pointer is the third argument passed in to the call to nghttp2_session_client_new() or nghttp2_session_server_new().

The implementation of this function must return 0 if it succeeds. If nonzero is returned, it is treated as fatal error and nghttp2_session_send() and nghttp2_session_mem_send() functions immediately return NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE.

nghttp2_session_get_stream_user_data() can be used to get associated data.

To set this callback to nghttp2_session_callbacks, use nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_on_frame_not_send_callback().

typedef int (*nghttp2_on_stream_close_callback)(nghttp2_session *session, int32_t stream_id, uint32_t error_code, void *user_data)¶

Callback function invoked when the stream stream_id is closed. The reason of closure is indicated by the error_code. The error_code is usually one of nghttp2_error_code, but that is not guaranteed. The stream_user_data, which was specified in nghttp2_submit_request() or nghttp2_submit_headers(), is still available in this function. The user_data pointer is the third argument passed in to the call to nghttp2_session_client_new() or nghttp2_session_server_new().

This function is also called for a stream in reserved state.

The implementation of this function must return 0 if it succeeds. If nonzero is returned, it is treated as fatal error and nghttp2_session_recv(), nghttp2_session_mem_recv(), nghttp2_session_send(), and nghttp2_session_mem_send() functions immediately return NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE.

To set this callback to nghttp2_session_callbacks, use nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_on_stream_close_callback().

typedef int (*nghttp2_on_begin_headers_callback)(nghttp2_session *session, const nghttp2_frame *frame, void *user_data)¶

Callback function invoked when the reception of header block in HEADERS or PUSH_PROMISE is started. Each header name/value pair will be emitted by nghttp2_on_header_callback.

The frame->hd.flags may not have NGHTTP2_FLAG_END_HEADERS flag set, which indicates that one or more CONTINUATION frames are involved. But the application does not need to care about that because the header name/value pairs are emitted transparently regardless of CONTINUATION frames.

The server applications probably create an object to store information about new stream if frame->hd.type == NGHTTP2_HEADERS and frame->headers.cat == NGHTTP2_HCAT_REQUEST. If session is configured as server side, frame->headers.cat is either NGHTTP2_HCAT_REQUEST containing request headers or NGHTTP2_HCAT_HEADERS containing trailer fields and never get PUSH_PROMISE in this callback.

For the client applications, frame->hd.type is either NGHTTP2_HEADERS or NGHTTP2_PUSH_PROMISE. In case of NGHTTP2_HEADERS, frame->headers.cat == NGHTTP2_HCAT_RESPONSE means that it is the first response headers, but it may be non-final response which is indicated by 1xx status code. In this case, there may be zero or more HEADERS frame with frame->headers.cat == NGHTTP2_HCAT_HEADERS which has non-final response code and finally client gets exactly one HEADERS frame with frame->headers.cat == NGHTTP2_HCAT_HEADERS containing final response headers (non-1xx status code). The trailer fields also has frame->headers.cat == NGHTTP2_HCAT_HEADERS which does not contain any status code.

Returning NGHTTP2_ERR_TEMPORAL_CALLBACK_FAILURE will close the stream (promised stream if frame is PUSH_PROMISE) by issuing RST_STREAM with NGHTTP2_INTERNAL_ERROR. In this case, nghttp2_on_header_callback and nghttp2_on_frame_recv_callback will not be invoked. If a different error code is desirable, use nghttp2_submit_rst_stream() with a desired error code and then return NGHTTP2_ERR_TEMPORAL_CALLBACK_FAILURE. Again, use frame->push_promise.promised_stream_id as stream_id parameter in nghttp2_submit_rst_stream() if frame is PUSH_PROMISE.

The implementation of this function must return 0 if it succeeds. It can return NGHTTP2_ERR_TEMPORAL_CALLBACK_FAILURE to reset the stream (promised stream if frame is PUSH_PROMISE). For critical errors, it must return NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE. If the other value is returned, it is treated as if NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE is returned. If NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE is returned, nghttp2_session_mem_recv() function will immediately return NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE.

To set this callback to nghttp2_session_callbacks, use nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_on_begin_headers_callback().

typedef int (*nghttp2_on_header_callback)(nghttp2_session *session, const nghttp2_frame *frame, const uint8_t *name, size_t namelen, const uint8_t *value, size_t valuelen, uint8_t flags, void *user_data)¶

Callback function invoked when a header name/value pair is received for the frame. The name of length namelen is header name. The value of length valuelen is header value. The flags is bitwise OR of one or more of nghttp2_nv_flag.

If NGHTTP2_NV_FLAG_NO_INDEX is set in flags, the receiver must not index this name/value pair when forwarding it to the next hop. More specifically, "Literal Header Field never Indexed" representation must be used in HPACK encoding.

When this callback is invoked, frame->hd.type is either NGHTTP2_HEADERS or NGHTTP2_PUSH_PROMISE. After all header name/value pairs are processed with this callback, and no error has been detected, nghttp2_on_frame_recv_callback will be invoked. If there is an error in decompression, nghttp2_on_frame_recv_callback for the frame will not be invoked.

Both name and value are guaranteed to be NULL-terminated. The namelen and valuelen do not include terminal NULL. If nghttp2_option_set_no_http_messaging() is used with nonzero value, NULL character may be included in name or value before terminating NULL.

Please note that unless nghttp2_option_set_no_http_messaging() is used, nghttp2 library does perform validation against the name and the value using nghttp2_check_header_name() and nghttp2_check_header_value(). In addition to this, nghttp2 performs validation based on HTTP Messaging rule, which is briefly explained in HTTP Messaging section.

If the application uses nghttp2_session_mem_recv(), it can return NGHTTP2_ERR_PAUSE to make nghttp2_session_mem_recv() return without processing further input bytes. The memory pointed by frame, name and value parameters are retained until nghttp2_session_mem_recv() or nghttp2_session_recv() is called. The application must retain the input bytes which was used to produce these parameters, because it may refer to the memory region included in the input bytes.

Returning NGHTTP2_ERR_TEMPORAL_CALLBACK_FAILURE will close the stream (promised stream if frame is PUSH_PROMISE) by issuing RST_STREAM with NGHTTP2_INTERNAL_ERROR. In this case, nghttp2_on_header_callback and nghttp2_on_frame_recv_callback will not be invoked. If a different error code is desirable, use nghttp2_submit_rst_stream() with a desired error code and then return NGHTTP2_ERR_TEMPORAL_CALLBACK_FAILURE. Again, use frame->push_promise.promised_stream_id as stream_id parameter in nghttp2_submit_rst_stream() if frame is PUSH_PROMISE.

The implementation of this function must return 0 if it succeeds. It may return NGHTTP2_ERR_PAUSE or NGHTTP2_ERR_TEMPORAL_CALLBACK_FAILURE. For other critical failures, it must return NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE. If the other nonzero value is returned, it is treated as NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE. If NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE is returned, nghttp2_session_recv() and nghttp2_session_mem_recv() functions immediately return NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE.

To set this callback to nghttp2_session_callbacks, use nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_on_header_callback().

Warning

Application should properly limit the total buffer size to store incoming header fields. Without it, peer may send large number of header fields or large header fields to cause out of memory in local endpoint. Due to how HPACK works, peer can do this effectively without using much memory on their own.

typedef int (*nghttp2_on_header_callback2)(nghttp2_session *session, const nghttp2_frame *frame, nghttp2_rcbuf *name, nghttp2_rcbuf *value, uint8_t flags, void *user_data)¶

Callback function invoked when a header name/value pair is received for the frame. The name is header name. The value is header value. The flags is bitwise OR of one or more of nghttp2_nv_flag.

This callback behaves like nghttp2_on_header_callback, except that name and value are stored in reference counted buffer. If application wishes to keep these references without copying them, use nghttp2_rcbuf_incref() to increment their reference count. It is the application's responsibility to call nghttp2_rcbuf_decref() if they called nghttp2_rcbuf_incref() so as not to leak memory. If the session is created by nghttp2_session_server_new3() or nghttp2_session_client_new3(), the function to free memory is the one belongs to the mem parameter. As long as this free function alives, name and value can live after session was destroyed.

typedef ssize_t (*nghttp2_select_padding_callback)(nghttp2_session *session, const nghttp2_frame *frame, size_t max_payloadlen, void *user_data)¶

Callback function invoked when the library asks application how many padding bytes are required for the transmission of the frame. The application must choose the total length of payload including padded bytes in range [frame->hd.length, max_payloadlen], inclusive. Choosing number not in this range will be treated as NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE. Returning frame->hd.length means no padding is added. Returning NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE will make nghttp2_session_send() and nghttp2_session_mem_send() functions immediately return NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE.

To set this callback to nghttp2_session_callbacks, use nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_select_padding_callback().

typedef ssize_t (*nghttp2_data_source_read_length_callback)(nghttp2_session *session, uint8_t frame_type, int32_t stream_id, int32_t session_remote_window_size, int32_t stream_remote_window_size, uint32_t remote_max_frame_size, void *user_data)¶

Callback function invoked when library wants to get max length of data to send data to the remote peer. The implementation of this function should return a value in the following range. [1, min(session_remote_window_size, stream_remote_window_size, remote_max_frame_size)]. If a value greater than this range is returned than the max allow value will be used. Returning a value smaller than this range is treated as NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE. The frame_type is provided for future extensibility and identifies the type of frame (see nghttp2_frame_type) for which to get the length for. Currently supported frame types are: NGHTTP2_DATA.

This callback can be used to control the length in bytes for which nghttp2_data_source_read_callback is allowed to send to the remote endpoint. This callback is optional. Returning NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE will signal the entire session failure.

To set this callback to nghttp2_session_callbacks, use nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_data_source_read_length_callback().

typedef int (*nghttp2_on_begin_frame_callback)(nghttp2_session *session, const nghttp2_frame_hd *hd, void *user_data)¶

Callback function invoked when a frame header is received. The hd points to received frame header.

Unlike nghttp2_on_frame_recv_callback, this callback will also be called when frame header of CONTINUATION frame is received.

If both nghttp2_on_begin_frame_callback and nghttp2_on_begin_headers_callback are set and HEADERS or PUSH_PROMISE is received, nghttp2_on_begin_frame_callback will be called first.

The implementation of this function must return 0 if it succeeds. If nonzero value is returned, it is treated as fatal error and nghttp2_session_recv() and nghttp2_session_mem_recv() functions immediately return NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE.

To set this callback to nghttp2_session_callbacks, use nghttp2_session_callbacks_set_on_begin_frame_callback().

typedef int (*nghttp2_on_extension_chunk_recv_callback)(nghttp2_session *session, const nghttp2_frame_hd *hd, const uint8_t *data, size_t len, void *user_data)¶

Callback function invoked when chunk of extension frame payload is received. The hd points to frame header. The received chunk is data of length len.

The implementation of this function must return 0 if it succeeds.

To abort processing this extension frame, return NGHTTP2_ERR_CANCEL.

If fatal error occurred, application should return NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE. In this case, nghttp2_session_recv() and nghttp2_session_mem_recv() functions immediately return NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE. If the other values are returned, currently they are treated as NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE.

typedef int (*nghttp2_unpack_extension_callback)(nghttp2_session *session, void **payload, const nghttp2_frame_hd *hd, void *user_data)¶

Callback function invoked when library asks the application to unpack extension payload from its wire format. The extension payload has been passed to the application using nghttp2_on_extension_chunk_recv_callback. The frame header is already unpacked by the library and provided as hd.

To receive extension frames, the application must tell desired extension frame type to the library using nghttp2_option_set_user_recv_extension_type().

The implementation of this function may store the pointer to the created object as a result of unpacking in *payload, and returns 0. The pointer stored in *payload is opaque to the library, and the library does not own its pointer. *payload is initialized as NULL. The *payload is available as frame->ext.payload in nghttp2_on_frame_recv_callback. Therefore if application can free that memory inside nghttp2_on_frame_recv_callback callback. Of course, application has a liberty not ot use *payload, and do its own mechanism to process extension frames.

To abort processing this extension frame, return NGHTTP2_ERR_CANCEL.

If fatal error occurred, application should return NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE. In this case, nghttp2_session_recv() and nghttp2_session_mem_recv() functions immediately return NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE. If the other values are returned, currently they are treated as NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE.

typedef ssize_t (*nghttp2_pack_extension_callback)(nghttp2_session *session, uint8_t *buf, size_t len, const nghttp2_frame *frame, void *user_data)¶

Callback function invoked when library asks the application to pack extension payload in its wire format. The frame header will be packed by library. Application must pack payload only. frame->ext.payload is the object passed to nghttp2_submit_extension() as payload parameter. Application must pack extension payload to the buf of its capacity len bytes. The len is at least 16KiB.

The implementation of this function should return the number of bytes written into buf when it succeeds.

To abort processing this extension frame, return NGHTTP2_ERR_CANCEL, and nghttp2_on_frame_not_send_callback will be invoked.

If fatal error occurred, application should return NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE. In this case, nghttp2_session_send() and nghttp2_session_mem_send() functions immediately return NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE. If the other values are returned, currently they are treated as NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE. If the return value is strictly larger than len, it is treated as NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE.

typedef int (*nghttp2_error_callback)(nghttp2_session *session, const char *msg, size_t len, void *user_data)¶

Callback function invoked when library provides the error message intended for human consumption. This callback is solely for debugging purpose. The msg is typically NULL-terminated string of length len. len does not include the sentinel NULL character.

The format of error message may change between nghttp2 library versions. The application should not depend on the particular format.

Normally, application should return 0 from this callback. If fatal error occurred while doing something in this callback, application should return NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE. In this case, library will return immediately with return value NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE. Currently, if nonzero value is returned from this callback, they are treated as NGHTTP2_ERR_CALLBACK_FAILURE, but application should not rely on this details.

nghttp2_session_callbacks¶

Callback functions for nghttp2_session. The details of this structure are intentionally hidden from the public API.

typedef void *(*nghttp2_malloc)(size_t size, void *mem_user_data)¶

Custom memory allocator to replace malloc(). The mem_user_data is the mem_user_data member of nghttp2_mem structure.

typedef void (*nghttp2_free)(void *ptr, void *mem_user_data)¶

Custom memory allocator to replace free(). The mem_user_data is the mem_user_data member of nghttp2_mem structure.

typedef void *(*nghttp2_calloc)(size_t nmemb, size_t size, void *mem_user_data)¶

Custom memory allocator to replace calloc(). The mem_user_data is the mem_user_data member of nghttp2_mem structure.

typedef void *(*nghttp2_realloc)(void *ptr, size_t size, void *mem_user_data)¶

Custom memory allocator to replace realloc(). The mem_user_data is the mem_user_data member of nghttp2_mem structure.

nghttp2_mem¶

Custom memory allocator functions and user defined pointer. The mem_user_data member is passed to each allocator function. This can be used, for example, to achieve per-session memory pool.

In the following example code, my_malloc, my_free, my_calloc and my_realloc are the replacement of the standard allocators malloc, free, calloc and realloc respectively:

void *my_malloc_cb(size_t size, void *mem_user_data) {
  return my_malloc(size);
}

void my_free_cb(void *ptr, void *mem_user_data) { my_free(ptr); }

void *my_calloc_cb(size_t nmemb, size_t size, void *mem_user_data) {
  return my_calloc(nmemb, size);
}

void *my_realloc_cb(void *ptr, size_t size, void *mem_user_data) {
  return my_realloc(ptr, size);
}

void session_new() {
  nghttp2_session *session;
  nghttp2_session_callbacks *callbacks;
  nghttp2_mem mem = {NULL, my_malloc_cb, my_free_cb, my_calloc_cb,
                     my_realloc_cb};

  ...

  nghttp2_session_client_new3(&session, callbacks, NULL, NULL, &mem);

  ...
}

void *mem_user_data¶

An arbitrary user supplied data. This is passed to each allocator function.

nghttp2_malloc malloc¶

Custom allocator function to replace malloc().

nghttp2_free free¶

Custom allocator function to replace free().

nghttp2_calloc calloc¶

Custom allocator function to replace calloc().

nghttp2_realloc realloc¶

Custom allocator function to replace realloc().

nghttp2_option¶

Configuration options for nghttp2_session. The details of this structure are intentionally hidden from the public API.

nghttp2_ext_altsvc¶

The payload of ALTSVC frame. ALTSVC frame is a non-critical extension to HTTP/2. If this frame is received, and nghttp2_option_set_user_recv_extension_type() is not set, and nghttp2_option_set_builtin_recv_extension_type() is set for NGHTTP2_ALTSVC, nghttp2_extension.payload will point to this struct.

It has the following members:

uint8_t *origin¶

The pointer to origin which this alternative service is associated with. This is not necessarily NULL-terminated.

size_t origin_len¶

The length of the origin.

uint8_t *field_value¶

The pointer to Alt-Svc field value contained in ALTSVC frame. This is not necessarily NULL-terminated.

size_t field_value_len¶

The length of the field_value.

nghttp2_hd_deflater¶

HPACK deflater object.

nghttp2_hd_inflater¶

HPACK inflater object.

nghttp2_stream¶

The structure to represent HTTP/2 stream. The details of this structure are intentionally hidden from the public API.